6 On the trial of Pol Pot and Ieng Sary, see Burchett, China-Cambodia-Vietnam Triangle, pp. 81ff. See also David Hawk, “International Human Rights Law and Democratic Kampuchea,” in Ablin and Hood, eds., Cambodian Agony, pp. 118—148. Efforts to bring Pol Pot to trial redoubled in 1997 when he fell from power, and there is some evidence that his subordinates were willing to turn him over to such a tribunal in 1998.

7 See Heder, Khieu Samphan and Pol Pot. In 1988 Pol Pot told military cadre that his faction had joined the coalition “because after the Vietnamese invasion, we needed to gather them to us” (Roger Normand’s notes).

8 For a discussion of these developments, see Ross, Indo-China Taugle. On the coalition government, see Jacques Bekaert, “The Khmer Coalition,” Indochina Issues (September 1982). On the camps, see Michael Vickery, “Refugee Politics: The Khmer Camp System in Thailand,” in Ablin and Hood, eds., Cambodian Agony, pp. 293—331. Vickery’s essay describes conditions in the camps in 1980—1982.

9 See Sho Ishikawa, “I Want to Join with Sihanouk, Lon Nol,” Bangkok Post, December 11, 1979; and FBIS, Daily Reports, December 19, 1979.

10 FBIS, Daily Reports, December 27, 1979. The visit occurred on December 11—12, 1979. There is something chilling about Pol Pot’s reference to the Holocaust. He must have known that the Vietnamese, among others, had already compared him to Hitler. Who were “the Jews” in the Cambodian case? And who were “those who opposed” Pol Pot’s regime, whose extinction in Nazi Germany he could understand? Who were the “innocent” people? To Swedish reporters who arrived the following day, Pol Pot remarked casually that “the number of people who died when our people made mistakes were only a few hundred” (FBIS, Daily Reports, December 21, 1979). By 1997 he had settled on “a few thousand.”

11 On Pol Pot’s resignation, see FBIS, Daily Reports, December 27, 1979. On the $300,000 offer, Nayan Chanda, personal communication with author.

12 Steve Heder’s interview with an anonymous Cambodian, March 1981. I am grateful to Heder for his translation.

13 Author’s interview with Mary-Kay Magistad (July 1989). See also Magistad, “The Khmer Rouge: A Profile,” Indochina Issues (December 1988). On later statistics, Rev. John Dennis (personal communication).

14 On the dynamics of small groups such as Pol Pot’s, see R. C. Raack, “When Plans Fail: Small Group Behavior and Decision Making in the Conspiracy of 1808 in Germany,” Journal of Couflict Resolution 16, 1 (1977): 3-19. In September 1985, Pol Pot’s retirement was announced, and on December 7, 1986, the New York Times reported rumors from Bangkok that he was terminally ill and undergoing medical treatment in Beijing. By 1989, however, “Grandfather 87” was sighted frequently and seemed in excellent health. On Pol Pot’s remarriage, author’s interview with James Pringle (February 1991), Thayer, ”Final Reckoning.“ Nate Thayer, ”Dying Breath,“ FEER, April 30, 1998; Seth Mydans, ”In Death, Indignity for Despised Killer,“ New York Times, April 18, 1998; Peter Sainsbury, ”An Uncertain Future for the Widow of a Despot,“ Phnom Penh Post, April 24-May 7, 1998; and David Ashley’s interview with Suong Sikoeun (September 1996), who said that Ponnary, ”who hasn’t occupied any position since 1979” had not approved the marriage.