3 See the confession of Chhim Samauk (Pang) (July 1977). See also the confession of Siet Chhae (Turn) (November 1977): “Meeting the Brothers at Office 100, I could see how combative they were in their work. Even if they were feverish they worked. I saw the Brothers writing documents themselves, and also stenciling them themselves.” Office 100, clearly a Vietnamese base, may also have been a Vietnamese designation. In 1970 the Vietnamese had five rear service groups (RSGs) operating along the Cambodian frontier. One of these, based in Svay Rieng, was known as RSG 100. Conceivably, a unit bearing this number had operated farther north in 1963. By 1970 RSG 100 had over two thousand Vietnamese troops under its command. I am grateful to William Turley for this information. See also the confession of Ney Saran (Ya), which locates the camp in 1964 “at Daom Chambak in Tay Ninh province [in Vietnam], within 10 kilometers of the border.” Appendix 2 lists personnel at Office 100, as recorded in several confessions from Tuol Sleng.

4 In his confession of December 1978, Kheang Sim Hon (But) asserted that Saloth Sar at one stage taught him to sing the “Internationale.” See also Im Naen’s and Som Chea’s confessions. Chea came to Office 100 from Phnom Penh in 1964. Chou Chet was never at that base, but his confession corroborates Im Naen’s. Poignantly, Naen’s faithful service as a cook was transmuted in her confession into a series of botched attempts to poison various “brothers.”

5 Vorn Vet’s confession (typed version), p. 17; and Kiernan, HPP, p. 211.

6 Pol Pot, “Long Live the 17th Anniversary,” p. 37. A 1974 party history mentions a “second” party congress of early 1963, adds that the party “gathered strength” in 1964, and fails to mention any activities in the succeeding two years.

7 Vorn Vet’s confession (typed version), p. 15.

8 See Kiernan, HPP, p. 220; Vorn Vet’s confession (typed version), p. 17; and Becker, When the War Was Over, pp. 120—121. The composition of the delegation was kept secret from the Vietnamese media (Serge Thion, personal communication). Vorn Vet was informed of Sar’s trip to China by Nuon Chea, who took command of Office 100 but spent some of the time in Phnom Penh. Day-to-day control of the camp fell to Ieng Sary, according to several confessions, suggesting that Ieng Sary did not accompany Saloth Sar to China. On Um Neng’s participation, see Chhim Samauk’s confession.