Chapters (64)
- Cover
- Title page
- Dedication page
- A Week’s Work in Birmingham
- I
- One
- Two
- Three
- Four
- Five
- Six
- Seven
- Eight
- Nine
- Ten
- Eleven
- Twelve
- Thirteen
- Fourteen
- Fifteen
- Sixteen
- Seventeen
- Eighteen
- Nineteen
- Twenty
- Twenty-One
- Twenty-Two
- Twenty-Three
- Twenty-Four
- II
- Twenty-Five
- Twenty-Six
- Twenty-Seven
- Twenty-Eight
- Twenty-Nine
- Thirty
- Thirty-One
- Thirty-Two
- Thirty-Three
- Thirty-Four
- Thirty-Five
- Thirty-Six
- Thirty-Seven
- Thirty-Eight
- Thirty-Nine
- III
- Forty
- Forty-One
- Forty-Two
- Forty-Three
- Forty-Four
- Forty-Five
- Forty-Six
- Forty-Seven
- Forty-Eight
- Forty-Nine
- Fifty
- Fifty-One
- Fifty-Two
- Fifty-Three
- Acknowledgements
- Further Reading
- About the Author
- By the Same Author
As she lay in bed that night she tried to train her thoughts away from him, from the excitement that had risen in her body when he came close to her. He gave off a feeling of pent-up desire that became more and more unmistakeable . . .
Blushing with shame, she forced her mind to pray . . . If she did not, she knew where her thoughts would go, their steps taking her across the yard behind the church that evening, into the darkness which followed.
Fifteen
Fifteen
Each morning, Annie made sure that she clocked in at the works bang on time and was seated at her press ready for the bell to ring.
She was getting used to the hours of work, which in the beginning had felt like an eternity. For the first days she had gone home with pains in her back and neck, her fingers cut to ribbons. And her wages were always less than she expected. She was not as fast as the others yet and there were so many stoppages – for her overall; for the Sick Club; a penny for once not getting back inside on time when work began again at two o’clock; another penny, the first week, for wastage, which evidently went into the ‘Waste Fund’ to be divided up at Christmas.
There was a lot to learn. Firstly, to add to the exhaustion, she discovered that all the obligatory cleaning of their presses and workplaces was to be done on Saturday mornings. She was beginning to feel as if she lived her whole life at Masters and Hogg.
Gradually she came to understand how the factory worked. The room where they pressed out blanks for pen nibs was one of many. Whenever the bell rang and they knocked off work, women came streaming out of a host of similar rooms where they worked at presses designed for the many processes it took to produce a finished pen nib.
There were presses for stamping a pattern on to each nib, for piercing a tiny hole in each to let the air through, for raising them into a curved shape, for splitting each nib at the tip. In another room, she saw long straps with wheels high up by the ceiling, the straps turning hour after hour, working machines which ground the nibs smooth. She learned, with increasing amazement, that on the lower floors, as well as the rollers for making the steel strips for her blanks, were ovens for annealing – or heat treatment – of the metal in ‘muffles’ before drenching them first in oil, followed by a bath of vitriol. Later the nibs were ‘barrelled’ – turned in large barrels with a grinding powder to smooth them. In yet another room some of them were coated with lacquer, bright silver or gold – and all to produce box upon box full of thousands of the fragile nibs in varying colours, which were then sold all over the world.