14 Lin Biao, “Long Live the Victory of the People’s War!” Peking Review, September 3, 1965, p. 22. See also Stuart Schram, The Thought of Mao Tse-Tung (Cambridge, U.K., 1989), pp. 171ff.; and Paul J. Hiniker, Revolutionary Ideology and Chinese Reality: Dissonance Under Mao (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1977), pp. 209ff. For a sympathetic account of China at this time, see David Milton and Nancy Dall Milton, The Wind Will Not Subside (New York, 1976), pp. 95ff. On K’ang Sheng, see David Apter and Tony Saich, Revolutionary Discourse (Cambridge, Mass., 1996), pp. 280ff.; John Byron and Robert Pack, The Claws of the Dragon (New York, 1992); Roderick MacFarquhar, The Origins of the Cultural Revolution, Vol. 3. (Oxford, 1997), pp. 291-294; and Roger Faligot and Remi Kauffer, The Chinese Secret Service (London, 1989), which claims (at p. 410), without citing a source, that Pol Pot “took training courses with K‘ang Sheng’s special services in 1965 (sic) and 1969.” See also Hu Yao-ping, “Problems Concerning the Purge of K’ang Sheng,” Issues and Studies (June 1980): 74-100; Michael Schoenhals, “The Central Case Examination Group, 1966-1979,” China Quarterly (March 1996): 87-110; and Michael Schoenhals, “Mao’s Great Inquisition: The Central Case Examination Group, 1966-1979,” special issue of Chinese Law and Government (May-June 1996). The CCEG, functioning throughout the DK period, may well have provided some inspiration for S-21. Until his death, K‘ang Sheng was closely associated with it.

15 Several confessions link the shift of Office 100 to U.S. bombardment.

16 See Chhim Samauk’s confession; and Becker, When the War Was Over, p. 469. See also Sok Knol’s confession and author’s interview with Sok Knol’s brother, Sok Sambath (July 1989).

17 See Robert Cribb, ed., The Indonesian Killings, 1965—1966: Studies from Java and Bali (Clayton, Australia, 1990). The parallels between Sihanouk and Sukarno and between Lon Nol and Suharto were not lost on the major actors.

18 On Red Khmer relations with these tribes, see Becker, When the War Was Over, pp. 122-124; and Siet Chhae’s and Chhim Samauk’s confessions. Siet Chhae commented: “I could see that the national minority youths were very good, working class and natural.” On Communist attitudes, see author’s interviews with Thiounn Mumm (May 1988), Keat Chhon (November 1987), and Ong Thong Hoeung (May 1988).