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Contents ( 98)
  1. ALSO BY JOHN GREEN
  2. CONTENTS
  3. INTRODUCTION
  4. “YOU’LL NEVER WALK ALONE”
  5. HUMANITY’S TEMPORAL RANGE
  6. HALLEY’S COMET
  7. OUR CAPACITY FOR WONDER
  8. LASCAUX CAVE PAINTINGS
  9. SCRATCH ’N’ SNIFF STICKERS
  10. DIET DR PEPPER
  11. VELOCIRAPTORS
  12. CANADA GEESE
  13. TEDDY BEARS
  14. THE HALL OF PRESIDENTS
  15. AIR-CONDITIONING
  16. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
  17. THE INTERNET
  18. ACADEMIC DECATHLON
  19. SUNSETS
  20. JERZY DUDEK’S PERFORMANCE ON MAY 25, 2005
  21. PENGUINS OF MADAGASCAR
  22. PIGGLY WIGGLY
  23. THE NATHAN’S FAMOUS HOT DOG EATING CONTEST
  24. CNN
  25. HARVEY
  26. THE YIPS
  27. AULD LANG SYNE
  28. GOOGLING STRANGERS
  29. INDIANAPOLIS
  30. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS
  31. THE INDIANAPOLIS 500
  32. MONOPOLY
  33. SUPER MARIO KART
  34. BONNEVILLE SALT FLATS
  35. HIROYUKI DOI’S CIRCLE DRAWINGS
  36. WHISPERING
  37. VIRAL MENINGITIS
  38. PLAGUE
  39. WINTRY MIX
  40. THE HOT DOGS OF BÆJARINS BEZTU PYLSUR
  41. THE NOTES APP
  42. THE MOUNTAIN GOATS
  43. THE QWERTY KEYBOARD
  44. THE WORLD’S LARGEST BALL OF PAINT
  45. SYCAMORE TREES
  46. “NEW PARTNER”
  47. THREE FARMERS ON THEIR WAY TO A DANCE
  48. POSTSCRIPT
  49. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  50. NOTES
  51. “You’ll Never Walk Alone”
  52. Humanity’s Temporal Range
  53. Halley’s Comet
  54. Our Capacity for Wonder
  55. Lascaux Cave Paintings
  56. Scratch ’n’ Sniff Stickers
  57. Diet Dr Pepper
  58. Velociraptors
  59. Canada Geese
  60. Teddy Bears
  61. The Hall of Presidents
  62. Air-Conditioning
  63. Staphylococcus aureus
  64. The Internet
  65. Academic Decathlon
  66. Sunsets
  67. Jerzy Dudek’s Performance on May 25, 2005
  68. Penguins of Madagascar
  69. Piggly Wiggly
  70. The Nathan’s Famous Hot Dog Eating Contest
  71. CNN
  72. Harvey
  73. The Yips
  74. Auld Lang Syne
  75. Googling Strangers
  76. Indianapolis
  77. Kentucky Bluegrass
  78. The Indianapolis 500
  79. Monopoly
  80. Super Mario Kart
  81. Bonneville Salt Flats
  82. Hiroyuki Doi’s Circle Drawings
  83. Whispering
  84. Viral Meningitis
  85. Plague
  86. Wintry Mix
  87. The Hot Dogs of Bæjarins Beztu Pylsur
  88. The Notes App
  89. The Mountain Goats
  90. The QWERTY Keyboard
  91. The World’s Largest Ball of Paint
  92. Sycamore Trees
  93. “New Partner”
  94. Three Farmers on Their Way to a Dance
  95. Postscript
  96. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
  97. DISCOVER JOHN GREEN’S CRITICALLY ACCLAIMED FICTION
  98. What’s next on your reading list?

I also find myself thinking about the lemming, a six-inch-long rodent with pert eyes and a brown-black coat of fur. There are many species of lemmings, and they can be found throughout the colder parts of North America and Eurasia. Most like to be near water, and can swim a fair distance.

Lemmings tend to have an especially extreme population cycle: Every three or four years, their populations explode due to favorable breeding conditions. In the seventeenth century, some naturalists hypothesized that the lemmings must spontaneously generate and then fall from the sky in their millions like raindrops. That belief fell away over time, but another did not. We have long believed that, driven by instinct and/or a willingness to mindlessly follow other lemmings, the creatures self-correct for population growth via mass suicide.

This myth has proven astonishingly durable, even though biologists have known for a very long time that lemmings do no such thing. In fact, lemmings spread out when populations become too large, seeking new and safe spaces. Sometimes, they come to a river or a lake and attempt to cross it. Sometimes, they drown. Sometimes, they die of other causes. In all these respects, they are not too different from other rodents.

But even now, we still sometimes say that people who unquestioningly follow are “lemmings.” We think of lemmings this way in no small part because of the 1958 Disney movie White Wilderness, a nature documentary about the North American arctic. In the film, we watch lemmings migrating after a season of population growth. At last, they come to an oceanside cliff, which the narrator refers to as “the final precipice.”

“Casting themselves bodily out into space,” the narrator tells us, the lemmings hurl themselves over the cliff in their immense stupidity, and those that survive the fall then swim out into the ocean until they drown, “a final rendezvous with destiny, and with death.”

But none of this is a realistic depiction of the lemmings’ natural behavior. For one thing, the subspecies of lemming depicted in the film do not typically migrate. Also, this section of the movie wasn’t even filmed in the wild; the lemmings in question were flown from Hudson Bay to Calgary, where much of the lemming footage was shot. And the lemmings did not hurl themselves bodily out into space. Instead, the filmmakers dumped lemmings over the cliff from a truck and filmed them as they fell, and then eventually drowned. Günter, give them a shove.

Today, White Wilderness is remembered not as a documentary about lemmings, but as a documentary about us, and the lengths we will go to hold on to a lie. My father is a documentary filmmaker (I learned the White Wilderness story from him), and that’s no doubt part of why I love that opening sequence of Penguins of Madagascar.

But I also love it because it captures, and makes the gentlest possible fun of, something about myself I find deeply troubling. Like the adult penguin who stays in line and announces, “I question nothing,” I mostly follow rules. I mostly try to act like everyone else is acting, even as we all approach the precipice. We imagine other animals as being without consciousness, mindlessly following the leader to they-know-not-where, but in that construction, we sometimes forget that we are also animals.