12. Article 14: The State shall not deny to any person equality before the laws or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India Article 19: (1) All citizens shall have the right—
to freedom of speech and expression
to assemble peacefully and without arms
to form associations or unions
to move freely throughout the territory of India
to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India
to acquire, hold and dispose of property; and
to practise any profession, or to carry out any occupation, trade or business.
(‘There are various other clauses in Article 19 which sanctions powers to the State to take action as it deems proper to curtail these rights in special circumstances such as the security of the State, friendly relations with Foreign States, public order . . .’) Article 21: No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

13. Interview with author, Jodhpur, December 1993

14. Ibid.

15. Ibid.

16. On the Humanitarian Frontlines. Sadako Ogato lecture at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi, 5 May, 2000

Chapter Eight

1. Interview with author, February 1991

2. Ibid.

3. The Telegraph, Calcutta, 29 January 1999

4. Ibid.

Chapter Nine

1. Interview with Justice S.N. Bhargava, Chairman of the IMDT Appellate Court and Chairman of the Assam State Human Rights Commission.

Chapter Eleven

1. Change in Chilmari, Intensive Rural Works Programme-Bangladesh, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives, ed. Bruce Currey, October 1985

2. Currey, p 3

3. Conversation with author, Dhaka, April 1997

4. B.G. Verghese, India’s North East Resurgent, New Delhi: Konarak Publishers, 1996, p.171.

5. Report of Committee on Tripura, Government of India, New Delhi, July 1980

6. See Hazarika S., Strangers of the Mist: Tales of War and Peace from Indias North East, Viking/Penguin, 1995 reprint.

Chapter Twelve

1. All interviews of the author with Keramat Bhai and his fellow villagers, published here and in the previous chapter, were conducted in October 1997 and on subsequent visits in May 1999; follow-up interviews were conducted by researchers later in 1999.

2. Bangladesh Population during the First Five-Year Plan Period (1972-77): A Guestimate. Masihur Rahman Khan, Bangladesh Institution of Development Economics, Dhaka, October 1972

3. Ibid.

4. Hazarika, Sanjoy, Strangers of the Mist, Tales of War and Peace from India’s North East, Viking/Penguin, 1995. Edition quoting two studies by Sharifa Begum: 1. Birthrate and Deathrate in Bangladesh, 1951-1974, Dhaka, Bangladesh Institute for Development Studies (BIDS), 1979; 2. Population, Birth, Death and Growth Rates in Bangladesh: Census estimates, Dhaka, BIDS, 1990

Chapter Thirteen

1. Bangladesh Population Census 1991, Volume 1, Analytical Report, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka, September 1994

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

6. Bangladesh Health and Demographic Survey, Findings in brief, 1994 and 1995, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka, June 1995

7. Ibid.

8. The Indian Express, New Delhi

9. Ibid.

10. Human Development Report, 1999, UNDP, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1999

11. Rehman Sobhan, Bangladesh. Problems of Governance, Konarak Publishers, New Delhi, 1993

12. Ibid.

13. Ibid.

14. Bangladesh Population Census, 1991, Volume 2, Union Statistics, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka, December 1993

15. Women and Men in Bangladesh. Facts and Figures, 1970-90, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka, July 1994

16. Bangladesh Population Census, 1991, Volume 2

17. Sanjoy Hazarika, Strangers of the Mist: Tales of War and Peace from India’s North East, New Delhi: Viking, 1994. Reprint, Penguin, 1995

18. Human Development Report 1999