21. Hope Taylor interview, October 24, 2014.

22. Ibid.; Chris Albert interview, June 29, 2012.

23. Pamela Ballard interview, May 8, 2012.

24. In 1967, the Supreme Court ruled that anti-miscegenation laws banning interracial marriages were unconstitutional in Loving v. Virginia.

25. Chris Albert interview, May 8, 2012.

26. Alethea Felton interview, April 7, 2013.

27. Hope Taylor interview, October 24, 2014.

28. Chris Albert interview, June 29, 2012.

29. Chris Albert interview. May 7, 2012 and August 17, 2012.

30. Pepperidge Farm ad for new apple pie tart, Life, May 1, 1970. Frederick Albert ran product development at Pepperidge Farm during this time. The Pepperidge Farm archivist couldn’t confirm which recipes Frederick specifically created.

31. Charlotte Tutsek interview, November 30, 2015.

Postscript

1. Chris Albert interview, August 17, 2012.

2. Stephen Albert interview, June 29, 2012.

Index

Index

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Academy of Fine Arts (Vienna)

Albert, Charlotte. See Tutsek, Charlotte Albert

Albert, Christopher Wilhelm Farrow (“Chris”)

birth

childhood

experiences as mixed-race child

on father’s love of jazz music

on father’s wartime story

as jazz musician

on mother

on relationship with his father

Albert, Elinor Elizabeth Powell

as army nurse at Camp Florence

basic training at Fort Huachuca

cooking skills

death

decision to join the U.S. Army Nurse Corps

early career aspirations

early feelings for Frederick

experiences of racism and discrimination

family and early life in Milton, Massachusetts

family life in Village Creek community

family role as stay-at-home mother

first pregnancy and childbirth

gardening hobby

marital problems and Frederick’s infidelity

married life and challenges of being a mixed-race family

married life and frequent moves

married life in Germany

married life in the U.S.

nursing school in New York City

physical appearance

relationship with Frederick at Camp Florence

relationship with mother Gladys

second pregnancy and childbirth

sociability, confidence, and quick wit

war’s end and temporary separation from Frederick

Albert, Frederick Karl Josef

artistic interests

boating/sailing hobby

Camp Florence guards’ beating of

Camp Florence kitchen job

at Camp Florence POW camp

capture as POW in Italy and detention

culinary school and baking career

death

early feelings for Elinor

and Elinor’s first pregnancy

employment and career struggles

employment with father’s company

English language proficiency

feelings for African American people

financial worries

German childhood and young adulthood

German family

German military service

infidelity and adultery

jazz music interests

married life and challenges of being a mixed-race family

married life and frequent moves

married life and role as sole family provider

married life in Germany

married life in the U.S.

parents’ response to marriage

physical appearance

postwar immigration to the U.S.

postwar return to Europe

relationship with Elinor at Camp Florence

relationship with father Karl

relationship with his sons

relationship with mother Margarete

romance with Charlotte’s landlady

social awkwardness and emotional reticence

Albert, Karl (Frederick’s father)

business career

coldness and detachment from family

death

extramarital affairs

Frederick and Elinor’s residence with

and Frederick’s marriage to Elinor

German nationalism

and postwar Europe

Albert, Margarete (Frederick’s mother)

death

Frederick and Elinor’s residence with