In England, Swift’s reputation grew with his political alignment with the Tory government then in power. Though his views were primarily Whiggish, the Tories promised greater support of the Anglican Church in Ireland. Swift had been ordained an Anglican priest in 1795, and though his personal beliefs did not always conform to those of the Tory party, he became their chief political writer. In 1714, the Tory party lost power, and Swift returned to Ireland to assume the deanery of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin. Swift’s writings of the 1720s and 1730s are characterized by his fervent support of the Irish cause. The most famous of these works is “A Modest Proposal,” which is still a model of satiric political parody. Swift died in 1745 and was buried in St. Patrick’s. His epitaph, which he composed himself, is a challenge to imitate his efforts to “champion liberty.”

Editorial footnotes are indicated by Arabic numerals while unnumbered notes are Swift’s.

A FULL AND TRUE ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE FOUGHT LAST FRIDAY BETWEEN THE ANCIENT AND THE MODERN BOOKS IN SAINT JAMES’S LIBRARY.1

THE BOOKSELLER TO THE READER.

THE FOLLOWING DISCOURSE, as it is unquestionably of the same author, so it seems to have been written about the same time, with the former;2 I mean the year 1697, when the famous dispute was on foot about ancient and modern learning. The controversy took its rise from an essay of sir William Temple’s upon that subject; which was answered by W. Wotton, B. D., with an appendix by Dr. Bentley, endeavouring to destroy the credit of Æsop and Phalaris for authors, whom sir William Temple had, in the essay before mentioned, highly commended. In that appendix the doctor falls hard upon a new edition of Phalaris, put out by the honourable Charles Boyle,3 now earl of Orrery, to which Mr. Boyle replied at large with great learning and wit; and the doctor voluminously rejoined. In this dispute the town highly resented to see a person of sir William Temple’s character and merits roughly used by the two rever- end gentlemen aforesaid, and without any manner of provocation. At length, there appearing no end of the quarrel, our author tells us that the BOOKS in St. James’s Library, looking upon themselves as parties principally concerned, took up the controversy, and came to a decisive battle; but the manuscript, by the injury of fortune or weather, being in several places imperfect, we cannot learn to which side the victory fell.

I must warn the reader to beware of applying to persons what is here meant only of books, in the most literal sense. So, when Virgil is mentioned, we are not to understand the person of a famous poet called by that name; but only certain sheets of paper bound up in leather, containing in print the works of the said poet: and so of the rest.

THE PREFACE OF THE AUTHOR.