‘You are not English - or not all of you. The “English”, the Angles, are just one of the German nations who came across the ocean centuries ago.’

Amgrim growled, ‘The word “English” has spread to mean us all. I don’t know why; I’m no scholar. I blame Bede, that toiling monk, scribbling his life away. He was an Angle, wasn’t he?’

Cynewulf was irritated by this slave’s air of superiority. ‘What do names matter, Moor? What do you call yourself?’

The slave smiled at the priest. ‘The children of God.’

Arngrim said, ‘Ibn Zuhr tells me that his people believe their civilisation to be the most advanced in Europe. All that ancient learning they preserved, you see.’

The priest sneered. ‘Such claims are easy to make.’

‘But my medicine has soothed your king,’ Ibn Zuhr pointed out.

‘Where are you from? Africa?’

‘No. Al-Andalus. Which is in Iberia.’

‘Tell me how you come to be here.’

‘Because of the Northmen ...’

When the western Roman empire had collapsed, German immigrants called Visigoths took over the former province of Iberia. They maintained the old Roman machinery of government, and in time the province had become a strong, unified, Gothic Christian nation. But Africa was only a short sea journey away to the south. And there, new forces stirred.

A mere seven decades after the death of the Prophet the armies of Islam swept across North Africa, and launched a series of devastating assaults into Iberia. In just four years the horde had burned across the peninsula, shattering the fragile Gothic state, and had even pushed into southern Frankia. Their advance resounded across a nervous Europe, and was noted by Bede in faraway Northumbria.

In Iberia the Muslims built a new nation, eventually independent of the caliphate in Damascus; it was called al-Andalus, an Islamic society within western Europe. Soon al-Andalus was exchanging embassies with Constantinople.

Then the Northmen came. Raiding across Europe, they sent their dragon ships sailing up the great rivers of Iberia to assault the cities of al-Andalus, just as they had raided elsewhere. The emirs, stronger and better organised than the post-Roman monarchies of Europe, turned them away.

But still the Vikings pressed. Sixteen years ago, Ibn Zuhr said, two adventurers called Bjorn Ironsides and Hasting had led a bold raid down the western coast and into the Mediterranean sea. Their ultimate goal had been to reach the treasures of Rome. In this they failed, but they did make it home with a cargo of treasure and captives from al-Andalus - one of them Ibn Zuhr, then a young man of twenty from a city called Granada. He had been sold into slavery in Ireland, and then, when his pharmacological skills had been proven, sold on at higher prices through a chain of owners until he finished up in a market in Brycgstow, where Arngrim had spotted him.

Cynewulf shook his head. ‘From Lindisfarena to Iberia, the Northmen do mix up our lives.’