China, censorship of Eid sermons, 65

Ciller, Tansu, 97

citizenship, barriers to, 39, 41–42

Clay, Cassius. See Ali, Muhammad

coercive interrogation, 16–18

colonialism, 26

comedians, 36–37

Confederation of Danish Industries, 48

conspiracy theories, 33–34

Coq, Guy, 54

Council on American-Islamic Relations, 134

Cromer, Lord, 96

Darfur, 34

de Vries, Gijs, 141

democracy, 144

Denmark cartoon

controversy, 47–52

goods boycotted, 48

Islamophobia in, 51–52

Diana, Princess of Wales, 33–34

divorce, 110–12

domestic violence, 104–5, 115

double standards freedom of speech, 48–50

separation of church and state, 45, 53–55

status of women, 96–98, 102–3, 105

Druze, 95

Ebtekar, Masoumeh, 97

Egypt, 29

censorship, 65

dependence on US, 30

relations with Israel, 145

and religious pluralism, 34–35

Eid, festivals of, 64–65, 69, 78

Ellison, Keith, 24–25

Engineer, Asghar Ali, 118

Ebadi, Shirin, 124

Esposito, John, 43, 126, 132, 135

Europe foreign imams, 44–45

discrimination against Muslims, 38–42

terrorists born in, 140

European Network Against Racism, 51

European Union, and Turkey, 42–44

“extraordinary rendition,” 15

extremism, 30–32, 91, 147

factionalism, 10, 34

fasting, 67–70

“fatwa chaos,” 32

fatwas, 46–47

Al Fayed, Dodi, 33–34

female infanticide, 115

Ferry, Luc, 54

Five Percent Nation, 139

Fortuyn, Pim, 42

France allegations of polygamy, 109–10

ban on hijab in schools, 22, 53–54

foreign imams, 44–45

poverty of Muslims in, 38–39

riots in, 39, 141

Frank, Anne, 142

Franks, Gen. Tommy, 9

freedom of expression, 46–52, 65

fundamentalism, 28–30, 119, 144

Gabriel, the archangel, 75, 85

Gandhi, Mahatma, 92

Gandhi, Rajiv, 133

gender segregation, 115, 119

genital mutilation, 107, 115

Germany ban on hijab, 53

foreign imams, 44–45

unemployment among Muslims, 39

Giscard, d’Estaing, Valery, 42

Gomaa, Ali, 107, 144–45

Googoosh, 81

Graham, Franklin, 22–23, 57

Guantanamo Bay, 14, 15, 18

Gutmann, Amy, 121

Habash, Faten, 106

hadith, 92–93, 118

Haj, 56, 70–79

Hajera (wife of Ibrahim/Abraham), 74–75

halal, 79–82

half inheritance, 102–3

half testimony, 103–4

Hamas, 29, 134

Hami, Tissa, 37

haram, 79–82

harkis, 39

Hasina, Sheikha, 97

Hassan, Riffat, 125

Herold, Marc, 9

Hezbollah, 29, 128

hijab, 22, 52–55, 113–14

Hijra, 88

hip-hop music, 138–39

Hitti, Philip, 119

homosexuality, 122

honor killings, 106

houris, 135

“House Muslims,” 21–22, 143

Howard, John, 148

huffaz, 84

human rights, 14–15, 16–17, 90, 145

Human Rights Watch, 15

Hussain (grandson of Muhammad), 67

Hussein, Saddam, 14, 128, 136

ihram, 72

ijtehad, 33–35

illiteracy

among Arabs, 28

jihad against, 127

imams’ conservatism in North America, 124

in Europe, 44–45

role of, 62–63, 65

India, 26, 35, 97, 109, 144

Indonesia, 97, 98, 144

Iran, 97

alleged inciting of Danish cartoon protests, 50

availability of contraceptives, 144

hijab, 53

revolution, 65, 127, 143

status of women, 99, 122

war with Iraq, 61, 128

Iraq

civilian death toll, 9–10

civilians injured, 10–11

destruction of infrastructure, 14

economic sanctions against, 12, 27

invasion of Kuwait, 136

US invasion, 9–11, 13–15, 148

war with Iran, 61, 128

Iraq Body Count, 9

Irving, David, 48

Islam

absence of central authority, 32

cultural practice, 100, 102–20, 122

declaration of faith, 57–58

demonization, 22–24, 57

depiction as violent, 23–25, 43–44, 126–32

elements of the faith, 56–91

ethics, 79–82

hip-hop music, 138–39

offshoots, 95

reforms, 144–49

relationship to Christianity and Judaism, 57–58

sects, 94–95

solidarity with Judaism, 67–68

theological rigidity, 33–35

variation in observance, 83

Western ignorance of, 24–25

Western stereotypes, 96–97

Islam, Yusuf. See Stevens, Cat

Islamic banking, 80–82

Islamic Conference, 27, 48, 132

Islamic feminism, 113, 120–25

Islamophobia, 20–25, 51–52

Ismaili Muslims, 24, 146

Israel

demonization by Muslims, 51

occupation of Lebanon, 30, 128, 134

opening of relations by Muslim countries, 145

Israeli Occupied Territories, 27–30, 134

Italy

barriers to citizenship, 39

support for invasion of Iraq, 13

Jeffs, Warren S., 110

jihad, 126–37

Muslim definition of, 126–27

as reponse to occupation

or oppression, 134, 135–36

as responsibility of state, 132

use by clerics and unelected governments, 29–30, 31

Western misconceptions, 136–37

John Paul II, Pope, 63–64

Jordan, 98

denunciation of honor killings, 106

dependence on US, 30

relations with Israel, 145

juma, 64

Jyllands-Posten, 47–52

Ka’ba, 70, 72–74, 76, 88

Karimov, Islam, 53

Karzai, Hamid, 50

Khadijah (wife of Muhammad), 116

al-Khalifa, Haya Rashed, 98

Khalil Gibran Academy, 25

Khomeini, Ayatollah

Ruhollah, 46–47

Khultum, Umm, 81

Klausen, Jytte, 41–42

Kuwait, 99, 136

Le Pen, Jean-Marie, 42

Lebanon, 29, 98

Israeli occupation, 30, 128, 134

makruh, 79

Malaysia, 98, 144, 147

Margrethe, Queen of Denmark, 51

Marriage

adultery, 107–8

consent of woman required, 102

divorce, 110–12

interfaith, 106, 112–13, 117

polygamy, 108–10, 117, 119, 122

spousal abuse, 104–5, 115

to widows, 116

martyrdom, 135

Masjid-e-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet), 76, 78–79

al Masri, Abu Hamza, 48

Mattson, Ingrid, 123

Mazaffar, Chandra, 133

Mazigh, Monia, 19–20

Mecca, 70–75, 76, 88–89

media

depiction of Islam, 17

depiction of jihad, 127–28

misconceptions about Islam, 24–25